1. A,N,R,I
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[ 30 Sep 2013, 16:27 ]
kaxetshi, mashindeli telavis mazris sofel yvarelshi, 1837 wlis 27 oqtombers (dzv. st.) daibada didi qartveli mwerali da moazrovne ilia chavchavadze. yvareli, sadac gaatara momavalma poetma bavshvoba da siymawvile, saukuneebis mandzilze iyo saqartvelos agmosavleti sazgvrebis karibche, romelic icavda chvens qveyanas momxvduri mtris amaoxrebeli shemosevebisagan da rbevebisagan. amis dasturad aq dgemde aris shemorchenili dzveli burjebiani cixe-galavani da koshkebi… chavchavadzeta gvari saistorio wyaroebshi XV saukunidan, kerdzod, aleqsandre I didis droidan moixseneba. gadmocemebis mixedvit, ilias winaprebi-chavchavadzianta erti mtavari shto-istoriuli kaxetis mtiuletis (erwo-tianeti fshav-xevsuretit) mxridan unda iyvnen chamosaxlebulni XVI saukunis damdegs, levan I mefobis dros, saxeldobr, 1529 wels kaxetis barshi – alaznis gagma mxareshi yvarel-shildashi da samshoblosa da mefis samsaxurshi gamochenili gansakutrebuli gmirobisa da mamacobisatvis kaxetis mefe konstantine I tavadobac mattvis aq ubodzebia 1726 wels. amitomacaa isini kaxetis tavadobis girsebit chawerilni 1783 wels georgievskshi dadebuli ruset saqartvelos traqtatisatvis tandartul qarlt-kaxetis tavad-aznaurta siashi, romelic erekle II mier aris damtkicebuli.
kaxetis tavadi chavchavadzeebi iyvnen ,,or gvarad“ -winandlisa da yvarlisa. winadlis shtos ekutvnodnen cnobili politikuri mogvawe garsevan chavchavadze (visac erekle II miando 1783 wels georgievskshi ruset-saqartvelos traqtatze xelis mowera, shemdeg ki qarlt kaxetis samefos despanad gagzavna rusetis samefo karze peterburgshi), misi vaji-gamochenili qartveli poeti-romantikosi aleqsandre chavchavadze, silamazit gantqmuli asulni-nino chavchavadze-griboedovisa, ekaterine chavchavadze-dadianisa, sofio chavchavadze-baron nikolaisa da ertaderti dze – davit chavchavadze…
ilia yvareli chavchavadzeebis shtamomavalia. misi pirdapiri winaprebi-otia, papuna, mamuka, faremuz, bespaz da paata chavchavadzeebi XV-XVIII ss. istoriuli pirebia, ilias papis mamas – bespaz chavchavadzes tavi gamouchenia 1755 wels xudzaxis batonis-nursal-begisa da misi 20-atasiani lashqris winaagmdeg brdzolashi yvarlis dacvis dros. rogorc teimuraz II da erekle II 1755 wlis wyalobis sigeli mowmobs, sxva qartvel meomrebtan ertad bespaz chavchavadzem ,,rjulis gulisatvis tavi sayatlanod gadasdva, ocdasami dge lomsavit ibrdzola“ da yvarli cixe galavans alya shemortymuli xundzaxis batoni da misi mravalatasiani lashqari satikad daamarcxa da samarcxvinod ukuaqcia!
poetis papa paata bespazis dze erekle meorisa da saqartvelos ukanaskneli mefis – giorgi me-13-is dros gamochenili piri yofila. erekle mefis dros paata, jer kidev axalgazrda, moixsenieba, rogorc monawile eqspediciisa imeretshi 1788 wels, rodesac ereklem imeretis mefed dasva tavisi shvilishvili solomon meore.
1798 wels, rodesac gardaicvala gvawlmosili patara kaxi da rogorc xalxuri leqsi ambobs – ,,saqartvelos sheexsna rkinis karebi”, – paata iyo erekles damtirebelta shoris, qartl – kaxetis sxva warmomadgenlebtan ertad, chamousvenebia erekles cxedari telavidan mcxetashi, sadac igi miabares samshoblos miwas saqartvelos dzvel dedaqalaqshi.
paatas xuti vaji hyolia: svimoni, garsevani, aleqsandre, grigoli (mama iliasi) da iosebi. amatgan grigolis dzmebi iosebis garda mtris tyviit gangmirulan (iosebi mat shoris saertod araa moxsenebuli). poetis mama – grigoli, ert xanad samxedro samsaxurshi yofila oficrad, magram osmalettan omis damtavrebis shemdeg igi brundeba saqartveloshi da irtaves qristefore beburishvilis qals mariam (magdane) beburishvils.
grigols da mariams sul eqvsi shvili hyoliat: otxi vaji da ori asuli.
ilia mesame shvili iyo grigol da mariam beburishvili chavchavadzeebisa. tavis avtobiografiashi ilia wers: ,, davibade 27 oqtombers 1837 wels, sofel yvarelshi“.
shua ezoshi idga riyis qvisgan nasheni samsartuliani dzveleburi koshki, sadac lekebis shemosvlis dros mteli ojaxi ixizneboda. lekta ert-erti aseti mosalodneli tavdasxmis dros dabadebula swored ilia am mamapapeuli koshkis meore sartulze. mesame sartuli mcvelebs ekavat, pirvel sartuls ki sursat-sanovagis shesanaxad iyenebdnen. koshks yvela mxridan satofurebi hqonda datanebuli da saimedod icavda mebatonis saxl-kars, romelshic shedioda sadgomi saxli, samzareulo, chaluri da marani, wisqvili, begeli da tavla.
ilias saxl-kari did mwvane bagshia chafluli, romlis namdvili mshvenebaa saukunovani goliati kaklis xe. amboben titqos, ilias yrmobis pirveli gataceba solomon chavchavadzis mshvenieri asuli elisabedi yofila, igive liza (shemdeg yvarelshi mosamsaxure qutaiseli oficris aleqsandre marjanishvilis meugle, deda kote marjanishvilisa) da titqos swored mas miudzgvna shesanishnavi lirikuli leqsi ,,gaxsovs, turfav“:
,,gaxsovs, turfav, chvens did bagshi
me da shen rom ertad vrbodit?
neta im dros!.. siyvarulis
met arafers chven ar gvrdznobdit!
shen moswyvite qorfa vardi,
gadmomigde sayvarelsa
da mitxari: ,,chemo gijo!
chem saxsovrad gqondes esa!..
qartuli enis, wera-kitxvisa da samshoblo qveynis gmiruli warsulis, qartuli mwerlobisa da zepirsityvierebis siyvaruli ilias patarobidanve ojaxshi chaunerga ded-mamam:
,,mama-chemma dzalian kargi zgaprebi icoda da chvenc gviyvarda yuris-gdeba zgaprisa“, an kidev: ,,mamam daiwyo: me adrec miambnia, rom chvens qveyanas dzalian emterebodnen tatrebi. mosvenebas ar gvadzlevdnen, xan aqedam, xan iqidam mogveseodnen xolme. chvenc, rac shegvedzlo, rac dzali da gone gvqonda, vebrdzodit, veomebodit“,- ase alaparakebs ilia chavchavadze mamas motxrobashi ,,nikoloz gostashabishvili“, xolo avtobiografiashi pirdapir wers: ,,mamachemi ramdenadme ganatlebuli kaci iyo, aficrad msaxurobda nijegorodis dragunis polkshi da rusuli kargad icoda“.
mainc, ilias pirveli maswavlebeli da shtamagonebeli deda yofila. ilia chavchavadze wers:
,,dadachemma mshvenivrad icoda mashindeli qartuli mwerloba. sul zepirata hqonda daswavluli titqmis yvela leqsi da yvela dzveleburi motxroba da romani, romelic ki ishoveboda mashin an dabechdili an xelnaweri. sagamoobit dagvsxavda bavshvebs da gvkitxavda: aba, vin ufro kargad miambobs, rac gushin gaigoneto. vinc kargad vuambobdit, gvaqebda da am qebas chvenc didad vafasebdit“.
magdana (marim) beburishvili sanam 1832 wels grigol chavchavadzis meugle gaxdeboda, manamdec misi ojaxi wminda qartuli tradiciebis matarebeli yofila da qartuli erovnuli mwerlobis dzeglta gadawera- gamravlebas misdevda. ase rom, rogorc vxedavt, qartuli mwerlobis siyvaruli ilias turme dedis ojaxidanve mosdevda.
1845 wels, al. yifshidzis gadmocemit, shinauri swavlis migebis shemdeg 8 wlis ilia miubarebiat soflis mtavar diakvnisatvis, vistanac gatarebul sam wels warushleli kvali dautovebia mwerlis cxovrebashi. avtobiografiashi ilia gadmogvcems: ,,swavla 8 wlis daviwye chveni soflisave mtavartan qartulis wera kitxvita. mtavarma dzalian kargad icoda qartuli da saxeli hqonda gantqmuli sagmrto wignebis kargis mkitxvelisa. xolo umtavresi girseba misi is iyo, momxibvleli tqma icoda ambebisa. gvimbobda mdabiurad da bavshvisatvis advilad gasagebis enit ufro sagmrto da samshoblo qveynis istoriis ambebsa, vis ra gmiroba moemoqmedna, vis ra falavnoba gaewia, vis ra gvawli da sikete daetesa samshoblosa da sarwmunoebis sasargeblod da dasacvelad. bevri am ambavtagani grmad chamrcha gulshi da erti mat shoris-,,dimitri tavdadebuli“- temad gamoviyene mravali wlis shemdeg. erti kidev patara sashobao motxrobad davwere. chems ,,glaxis naambobshi“ zogierts adgils cxadad amchnevia kvali mtavris ambebis gavlenisa. mtavartan vswavlobdi amave chem samshoblo soflis glexkacebis shvilebtan. ramdenadac maxsovs, xutni tu eqvsni viyavit. yvelani shinidan davdiodit mtavartan dil-dilit da swavla gvqonda shuadgemde.
ilias deda sruliad axalgazrda gardaicvlila yvarelshi 1848 wlis 4 maiss. mashin ilia 10 wlis iyo. dedit daoblebuli dzmisshvilebis patronoba itvirta mamidam – makrine paatas asulma chavchavadze-eristavisam. makrine gatxovili iyo ivane aragvis eristavze da am dros daqvrivebuli iyo. makrine paatas asulma chavchavadze-eristavisam da martlac rom namdvili dedoba gauwiat mat.
metertmete welshi gadamdgari ilia 1848 wlis ianvristvis mamam tbilisshi chamoiyvana. patara ilias cxovrebashi dgeboda axali xana – tbilisis xana, pansionsa da gimnaziashi ganswavlis wlebi. . .
tbilisi
pansionsa da da gimnaziashi
1848-1856 wlebi
1848 wlis ianvristvis grigol chavchavadzem tavisi meore vajishvili mashindel ert-ert yvelaze sauketeso raevskis da hakes kerdzo pansionshi miabara, sadac 4 weliwads swavlobda.
1851 wels wavlis gasagrdzeleblad ilia tbilisis gimnaziis meotxe klasshi shevida.
1852 wlis 10 dekembers, roca ilia tbilisshi ukve gimnazieli iyo, yvarelshi mamac gardaecvala. amis shemdeg mteli ojaxis tvirti da xuti oboli dzmisshvilis agzrda-patronoba mamida makrines daawva mxrebze. swored am didi sulieri tkivilis gamoa dawerili chvenamde mogweuli ilias yrmobis droindeli, misi ert-erti poeturi cda “motqma sawylisa“. 15 wlis gimnazielis cxovrebashi momxdar am grma tramvas sheidzleba mieweros is faqti, rom ilias am dros sagnebshi arasaxarbielo nishnebi miugia, ris gamoc igi gimnaziis imave meotxe klasshi dautovebiat. samagierod, 1853 wels ilias mdgomareoba sagrdznoblad gamousworebia.
ilias bavshvobisa da mowafeobis xana mshfotvare periodia chvens istoriashi„ es aris kavkasiisa da yirimis omebis xana, batonymobis mdzime uglisa da rusetis tvitmpyroblobis brdzolis xana. 1854 wlis ivlisshi winandalze lekta tavdasxmam imsxverpla misi ufrosi dzma konstantine.
peterburgs gamgzavreba, peterburgis universiteti
1857-1861 w.
tbilisis gimnaziis rva klasis damtavrebis shemdeg ilias mtkiced aaqvs gadawyvetili rusetshi wasvla umaglesi ganatlebis misagebad. rusetshi wasvlamde ilia yvarelshi imyofeba. igi am droisatvis ramodenime originaluri leqsis avtori gaxldat. 1857 wlis 15 aprils sofel kardanaxshi dawera leqsi “yvarlis mtebs“.
1857 wlis ivlisshi ilia chavchavadze peterburgshi chavida da warmatebit chaabara universitetshi misagebi gamocdebi iuridiuli fakultetis kameralur ganyofilebaze, romelic idzleoda ekonomikur – finansuri da administraciuli dargebis codnas.
1859 wlis zafxulshi avadmyofi ilia ramdenime tvit chamosula saqartveloshi gamosajanmrteleblad da aq shemodgomamde darchenila.
ilias studentobis drois shesaxeb moipoveba mogonebani ilias megobris koxta afxazisa, romelic ilisatan ertad swavlobda, rogorc gimnaziashi, ise universitetshic, da niko nikoladzisa, romelic ilias shemdeg chavida peterburgshi. niko nikoladzis dros peterburgis studentobashi jer kidev cocxali iyo xsovna student ilias shesaxeb, romelic peterburgis qartveli studentobis mier agiarebul xelmdzgvanelad itvleboda.
koxta afxazi gadmogvcems:
“universitetshi ilias gansakutrebit politukuri da ekonomiuri samecniero sagnebi ainteresebda. ……. chven studentebi, xshirad vikribebodit da vbaasobdit rogorc sazogado kitxvebzed, agretve chvens dabechavebuls samshoblos momavalzed. vkitxulobdit xshirad qartul wignebs“. ilias studentobis xana peterburgshi daemtxva revoluciebisa da erovnul-gamantavisuflebeli omebis, mati mudmivi gamodzaxilis periods dasavlet evropis qveynebshi. axalgazrda ilia, tavisi damonebuli samshoblos momaval bedze fiqrit moculi, mgelvarebit adevnebda tvalyurs erovnul-ganmantavisuflebel modzraobas evropashi. rodesac 1860 wlis gazafxulze garibaldim aigo mesina, xolo shemdeg italiis naxevarkundzulze gadmovida, ilia amas agfrtovanebuli miesalma leqsit: “ mesmis, mesmis sanatreli, xalxt borkilis xma mtvrevisa…“ ilias dros peterburgis universitetshi swavlobda ocdaatamde qartveli studenti. ilias garshemo shemokrebili qartveli studentoba sheadgenda im birtvs, romelmac saqartveloshi dabrunebis shemdeg, sheadgina “pirveli dasi“. ilias dros sheiqmna rusetshi qartveli studentobis-“tergdaleulta“ tradiciebi.
1857-1861 wlebi arachveulebrivad uxvi gamodga studenti ilia chavchavadzistvis shemoqmedebiti nayofierebis tvalsazrisit. studentobis 4 weli uagresad mnishvnelovani agmochnda chavchavadzis rogorc pirovnebisa da moqalaqis, moazrovnisa da mwerlis formirebisa da srulyofisatvis, misi progresuli socialuri-progresuli, filosofiuri da estetikuri mrwamsis shemushavebisatvis. igi imtavitve intensiurad da safudzvlianad swavlobda saqartvelos istoriasa da qartul mwerlobas. rusul da evropel mweralta da mecnierta memkvidreobas; gatacebit daewafa rusi revolucioner demokratebis — belinskis, gercenis, dobroliubovis, chernishevskis naazrevs, rac daukavshira sakutari xalxis progresisatvis brdzolis miznebsa da amocanebs.
“rogor sheveyrebi me chems qveyanas“
saqartveloshi dabruneba
1861 wlis gazafxulze, aprilshi ilia chavchavadzem datova peterburgis universiteti da saqartveloshi gamoemgzavra. amshoblostan shexvedris molodinit agdzruli fiqrebi, misi chirvaramis, misi „dauyuchebeli tkivilebis“ mwvave gancda da mzadyofna mistvis ertgulad msaxurebis mxatvrulad aisaxa „mgzavris werilebshi“, romelic ara marto avtoris an „tergdaleulebis“ miznebsa da amocanebs, aramed mteli qartveli xalxis sasicocxlo motxovnilebebs, sazogadod erovnul-ganmatavisuflebeli modzraobis uwmindes idealebs gamoxatavda da mizandasaxuli aqtivobis, moqmedebisa da brdzolis wyurvilita da mowodebit iyo ganmschvaluli. “rogor sheveyrebi me chems qveyanas da rogor shemeyreba da rogor shemeyreba igi me – vifiqre. ras vetyvi me chems qveyanas axals da ras metyvis igi me?“
iliam saqartveloshi chamosvlis pirvel welsve tavis garshemo shemoikriba axali taoba, qveynis cocxali dzalebi. am dros chaeyara safudzveli ilias motaveobit im sazogadoebriv dajgufebas, romelic “pirveli dasis“ saxelit aris cnobili.
shoreuli mgzavrobidan dabrunebuli da axlad gachagebul literaturul brdzolashi chabmuli axalgazrda poeti zafxulsa da shemodgomas mshobliur yvarelshi atarebs, sadac igi 1861 wlis agvistosa da oqtombershi qmnis or axal shesanishnav leqss “mas aqet, raki shendami vcan me siyvaruli…“ da “chemo kalamo“.
1863 wlis 10 aprils, ilia chavchavadze daqorwinda saguramos mflobel tavad tadeoz guramishvilis asul olga guramishvilze. am xnidan moyolebuli tvit tragikul agsasrulamde ilias cxovreba da shemoqmedeba ukve ganuyrelad aris dakavshirebuli mis saxeltan. . .
1863 wels ilia chavchavadze aarsebs jurnals “saqartvelos moambe“, romelic miuxedavad umdzimesi sacenzuri pirobebisa, erovnul-ganmatavisuflebeli modzraobis cheshmarit medroshed iqca.
saxelmwifo samsaxurshi–qutaissa da dushetshi
1864-1873
1863 wlis bolos jurnal “saqartvelos moambis“ daxurvis shemdeg, ilia chavchavadze idzulebuli sheiqmna saxelmwifo samsaxurshi shesvlaze efiqra, rata nivtieri saxsari moepovebina: “1864 wlis damdegs, roca ganizraxes glexkacobis gantavisuflebis reforma saqartveloshi, gamgzavnes imerets qutaisis general-gubernatorisc alke mindobilobata moxeled da damavales gamomerkvia, tu ra urtiertoba sufevda memamuleta da glexkacta shoris batonymobisgan warmomdgari“- wers ilia tavis avtobiografiashi.
kavkasiis mefisnacvlis 1868 wlis 1 tebervliss brdzanebit, tavadi ilia grigolis dze chavchavadze dainishna tbilisis guberniis dushetis momrigebeli ganyofilebis momrigebel mosamartled, wliuri xelfasit – 2400 maneti, shemdeg — saqartveloshi saglexo reformis gatarebastan dakavshirebit — momrigebel shuamavlad agmosavlet saqartveloshi. 1868—1873 mushaobda dushetis mazris momrigebel mosamartled. am xanebshi dawera man „glexta gantavisuflebis pirveli droebis scenebi“ (1865), gadaamushava „qartvlis deda“ (1871) da „achrdili“ (1872), daasrula mushaoba didi xnis win chafiqrebul „mgzavris werilebsa“ (1871) da „glaxis naambobze“ (1872), amave periodshi sheiqmna erovnuli wylulebis mtkivneuli agqmit gamowveuli mwvave satiruli leqsebi — „ra vaketet, ras vshvrebodit anu saqartvelos istoria mecxramete saukunisa“ da „bednieri eri“ (orive 1871), qartuli patriotuli lirikis ubrwyinvalesi qmnilebatagani — „chemo kargo qveyanav, razed mogiwyenia“ (1872); satirul-publicisturi leqsebi „gamocanebi“, „kidev gamocanebi“ da „pasuxis pasuxi“ (1871—1872).
qartuli bankis daarseba. “mefe liris“ targmna da gamocema
1873-1876
1873 wlis maisshi ilia chavchavadze gamovida saxelmwifo samsaxuridan da tbilisshi gadmosaxlda.
saqartveloshi batonymobis gadavardnis dawyebistanavae, gamochenilma qartvelma sazogado mogvawem dimitri yifianma, romelic am dros agmosavlet saqartvelos tavad-aznaurobis winamdzgoli iyo, wamoayena bankis daarsebis idea.
ilia chavchavadze aqtiur monawileobas igebda bankis wesdebis shemushavebel sxdomebshi. 1873 wlis maisshi ilia chavchavadze bankis wesdebis damtkicebis dasachqareblad da sabanko saqmeebis shesaswavlad, davit yifiantan da dimitri yazbegtan ertad rusets gaemgzavra.
bankis wesdebis molodinshi ilia chavchavadze poulobs tavisufal dros da peterburgshi xels kidebs axal did saqmes„ universitetis sabunebismetyvelo fakultetis student ivane machabeltan ertad igi iwyebs sheqspiris “mefe liris“ qartulad gadmotargmnas.
bankis wesdebis damtkicebas, rom kargi piri sheatyo, ilia agar daeloda saboloo gadawyvetilebas da ati tvis tajva-wvalebis da rudunebis shemdeg, 1874 wlis aprilis damdegs peterburgidan samshobloshi gamarjvebuli gamoemgzavra. 1874 wlis 28 maiss finansta ministrma reiternma bolos da bolos daamtkica tbilisis satavadaznauro saadgilmamulo bankis wesdeba.
1875 wlis tebervlidan amoqmedda tbilisis satavadaznauro saadgilmamulo banki, romelsac mteli 30 wlis mandzilze 1905 wlis 23 ivnisamde sataveshi edga ilia chavchavadze.
ilia arc “mefe liris“ dabechdvis saqmes iviwyebs. 1877 wlis tebervalshi iliam “mefe liri“ calke wignad gamosca.
“iveria“ pirveli periodi
1877-1885
ilia da “iveria“ yoveli qartvelis cnobierebashi ertmanetisagan samudamod ganuyofeli cnebebia. gazetis pirveli nomeri daibechda 1877 wlis 3 marts. yovelkvireuli gazetis saxit.
1879 wlidan “iveria“ gadaketda yoveltviur jurnalad, ris nebartvaciliastvis kavkasiis mefisnacvlis mtavarmmartvelobis ufross general-leitenant dimitri staroselskis miucia.
1880 wlidan “iveria“ gadaketda samtviur organod.
1881 wlidan “iveria“ kvlav yoveltviur jurnalad gadaketda da ase gamodioda 1885 wlis chatvlit.
originalur mxatvrul shemoqmedebastan ertad am periodshi iliam qartuli literatura gaamdidra, rogorc mxatvruli, ise mecnieruli dzeglebistargmanebitac. agretve mravalferovania misi publicistika.
fasdaudebelia is amagi, romelic am periodshi (1877-1885) ilia chavchavadzem dasdo qartul skolas, saertod qartul swavla-agzrdisa da ganatlebis saqmes da, rac mtavaria, skolashi qartuli enis uflebata dacvas.
amave periodshi dgis wesrigshi dgeba “qartvelta shoris wera-kitxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis“ daarsebis sakitxi.
wesdebis proeqtze 1878 wlis 30 ianvars xeli mouweria 126 damfudznebel wevrs, xolo d.yifians, b. gogoberidzes da i. chavchavadzes dasamtkiceblad mtavrobistvis warudgeniat 1878 wlis 20 ivniss, romelic zogierti cvlilebis shemdeg daumtkicebiat 1879 wlis 31 marts, ris shesaxebac oficialuri cnoba 1879 wlis 14 aprils miigo damfudznebel wevrta rwmunebulma d. yifianma tbilisis gubernatorisgan.
sayoveltaod cnobilia ilia chavchavadzis amagi, romelic man qartvel mogvaweebtan ertad dasdo tbilisis satavadaznauroo gimnazias da misi shenobis agebas, romelic shemdegshi gaxda akvani tbilisis universitetis daarsebisa.
“iveria“ – meore periodi
1886-1901
1885 wlis 16 seqtembers, mtavrobis gankargulebit, “mavne“ mimartulebisatvis samudaomod aikrdzala etaderti yoveldgiuri gazeti “droeba“. ilia chavchavadze mashinve sheudga yoveltviur jurnal “iveriis“ yoveldgiur gazetad gadaketebis samzadiss. ilias daubechdavs momavali gazetis sareklamo furceli: “qartuli yovel-dgiuri sapolitiko da saliteraturo gazeti “iveria“ gamova jurnalis samagierod 1886 wlis I-s ianvridam yovel-dge………“
martalia “iveriis“ yoveldgiur gazetad gamosvlis periodshi ilias shemoqmedebiti dzala da energia umetesad publicistur-jurnalisturma mushaobam da sazogado mogvaweobam shtantqa, magram miuxedavad amisa, mainc ilias didma mxatvrulma talantma am periodshic sheqmna ramdenime pirvelxarisxovani poeturi da prozauli shedevri, mat shoris, qartuli prozis shedevri “otaraant qvrivi“
saguramoshi, tavis mier gashenebul saxl-karshi chauyara safudzveli iliam shesanishnav tradicias – yovel 20 ivliss, wm.ilias saxelwodebis dges, igi aq martavda “iliaobas“, romelic drota ganmavlobashi cheshmarit erovnul dgesaswaulad iqca!
1897 wlis ianvarshi shesrulda ilia chavchavadzis literaturuli mogvaweobis 40 wlistavi.
1891 wels ilia chavchavadzes janmrtelobis seriozuli sheryeva gamoachnda.
1900 wels ilia samkurnalod evropashi miemgzavreba (germania, avstria)
iveriis gareshe
1902-1907
evropashi mogzaurobidan dabrunebis shemdeg ilia ert wels kidev udzgveboda tavis gazets, magram 1901 wlis 5 dekemridan redaqtoroba aleqsandre sarajishvils gadasca, tumca “iveriis“ 1902 wlis №1-152 -is gamomcemlad mainc ilia darcha. amis shemdeg ilia ukve sabolood chamoscilda “iverias“ da ertxans aqtiur literaturul-sazogadoebriv mogvaweobasac ufro nakleb edga kvalshi.
1902 wlidan ilia da olga chavchavadzeebi nikolozis quchaze mdebare sagnashviliseuli saxlidan sacxovreblad gadavidnen mashindel jer vagzlis quchaze da cota xnis shemdeg andrias quchaze.
1903 wels ilia chavchavadze afxazetshi chadis. gagrashi axali saswavleblis daarsebashi monawileobistvis. dadga 1905 weli. ilia am dros ukve 68 wlis moxuci, avadmyofobit iyo gatexili. ilia 1905 wels gamodis saqartvelos politikuri avtonomiis motxovnit.
1906 wls martshi ilia chavida peterburgshi sruliad rusetis tavadaznaurobis saimperio yrilobaze, rogorc saqartvelodan gagzavnili delegati-amomrcheveli saxelmwifo sabchosi.
1906 wlis aprilshi igi archeuli iqna saxelmwifo sabchos wevrad. saxelmwifo savchos pirveli sesia gagrdzelda 1906 wlis 27 aprilidan 12 ivlisamde. ivlisshi ilia saqartveloshi dabrunda. aq igi tebervlamde darcha. tebervalshi ilia isev rusets gaemgzavra saxelmwifo sabchos meore sesiaze. ivlisshi ilia meuglit dabrunda saqartveloshi.
ilias mkvleloba
artur laisti, romelic 1907 wlis 21 agvistomde saguramoshi iliastan ertad iyo, wers: ,,dagonebuli iyo, emduroda sxeulis sisustes… shevnishne energiis sisuste da sificxe, winandeburad ar laparakobda, gimili mis saxeze ar shemimchnevia, sicocxlis ukanasknel dgeebshi ilia sevdasa da mowyenilobas sheupyria. peterburgidan chamosvlis shemdeg poeti titqmis sul saguramoshi imyofeboda. 27 agvistos saguramodan wamosvlisas, daubarebia – dgesve sagamos davbrundebio. am dros sofelshi darchenila mouravi jashi, romelic mkvlelobis gegmas azustebda. im dges jashma yvela zoma miigo ukan dabrunebisas ilia moeklat, magram samshabats da otxshabats ilia ar dabrunebula, magram mkvlelebma sheityves, rom ilia xutshabats, 30 agvistos brundeboda, jashma ki yvela zoma miigo mkvlelebi chasafrebuliyvnen wiwamuris tyeshi, mzad daxvedrodnen etlis gamochenas. 30 agvistos, xutshabats dilis 10 saatze ilia da misi meugle imave etlit, romlitac laisttan ertad sami tvis win tbilisshi chamovidnen, saguramosken gaemgzavrnen. daaxloebit dgis pirvel saatze ilia da misi meugle miulan wiwamuris wyarostan, sadac mouravi jashi unda shexvedrodat. jashi ki ganzrax ar misula wyarostan, rom mkvlelobashi ushualod ar chareuliyo. ilias ramdenime wuts moucdia, shemdeg ki ganawyenebuls ubrdzanebia tedo labauristvis etli daedzra. labauri mosyiduli iyo. icoda, rom 15 – 20 wutis shemdeg ilias mohklavdnen.
ilias mkvlelobis detalebi dgemde kamatis sagania. istoriul dokumentebze dayrdnobit ilias mkvleloba chafiqrebuli hqondat social-demokratebsa da bolshevikebs, ilias mier mati revoluciuri gzebis dagmobisa da xalxshi misi usazgvro popularobis gamo. meore msoflio omis periodshi ertma moxucma kacma agiara, rom rusetis jandarmeriam daiqirava ilias mosaklavad. sabchota periodshi xelmdzgvanelobam mkvlelobis gamodzieba daiwyo, romelmac mogvianebit daaskvna, rom mefis xelisuflebis saidumlo policia da administracia iyvnen chareuli ilias mkvlelobashi.
ilias mkvleloba qartvelma xalxma erovnul tragediad miichnia. mis dakrdzalvaze akaki weretelma, romelic im periodshi dzlier avadmyofobda, warmotqva: “ilias fasdaudebeli wvlili qartveli eris agordzinebashi momavali taobebistvis nimushis mimcemia”. vaja-fshavela werda: „ilias mkvlelebs rom sheedzlot, saqartvelos mohklavdnen.“
ati dge, 30 agvistodan -9 seqtembramde, glovis zari gaismoda saqartveloshi. qartvelma erma tavisi mowiweba da siyvaruli imit gamoxata, rom ilias neshti tbilisis ert-ert uwmindes adgilas – mtawmindaze dakrdzala. 1987 wels saqartvelos martlmadideblurma eklesiam ilia wmindanad sheracxa. saxelit wminda ilia martali.
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